Fiber laser cutting machines offer numerous advantages, including high cutting accuracy, narrow slits, smooth cutting surfaces, and high efficiency. They also provide significant benefits in terms of safety and environmental protection. As fiber laser cutting machines become mainstream, it’s essential to optimize their processes for the best results. Here are some key factors to consider:
1. Cutting Speed
While fast cutting speed is a notable advantage of laser cutting, it’s crucial to find the right balance. The appropriate cutting speed depends on the laser power and the material being cut. To achieve high-quality cuts, observe the cutting sparks and the cut surface:
- Cutting Sparks: Evenly spread sparks indicate the right speed. Tilted sparks suggest the speed is too fast, while gathered sparks indicate it’s too slow.
- Cut Surface: A smooth line with no slag in the lower half shows the correct speed. Random sparks and diagonal lines suggest the speed is too fast, while over-melting and rough sections indicate it’s too slow.
2. Nozzle and Nozzle Height
The nozzle’s shape, aperture, and height significantly impact the cutting effect. The nozzle controls the gas diffusion area and size, affecting cutting quality and preventing debris from contaminating the lens.
- Nozzle Type: Use small-diameter nozzles for thin plates and large-diameter nozzles for thick plates. Single-layer nozzles are for melting cutting (using nitrogen), while double-layer nozzles are for oxidation cutting (using oxygen).
- Nozzle Height: Set the height between 0.3mm-0.8mm. Too low can cause collisions, while too high reduces gas concentration and pressure, affecting quality.
3. Focus Position
Setting the correct focus position is crucial for optimal cutting:
- Zero Focus: On the surface of the workpiece, suitable for thin plates.
- Negative Focal Length: Below the surface, usually at 1/2-2/3 of the workpiece thickness, providing a larger smooth surface range.
- Positive Focal Length: Above the surface, ideal for cutting thick carbon steel plates.
4. Protective Gas Pressure
The auxiliary gas pressure also affects cutting quality. Adjusting the pressure can improve results:
- Insufficient Pressure: Causes slag and affects penetration, reducing cutting speed and efficiency.
- Excessive Pressure: Can decrease cutting speed by enhancing cooling and interfering with beam energy focusing, resulting in thicker cutting surfaces and wider kerfs.
Conclusion
Choosing excellent cutting equipment and performing thorough inspections before cutting are essential. Adjust process parameters according to the specific situation during cutting. Optimizing the cutting process is crucial for maintaining long-term stability and leadership in production.